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Researchers from HZDR and TUD Unravel Water Adsorption Mechanism in Microporous Materials

Groundbreaking Research Reveals How Hierarchical Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Harvest Water from Air

A team of researchers from the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) and Dresden University of Technology (TUD) has made a significant breakthrough in unraveling the water adsorption mechanism in certain microporous materials known as hierarchical metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). These materials, discovered only about 25 years ago, have gained a reputation as “miracle materials” due to their unique ability to harvest water from air. The researchers described their findings in a groundbreaking article published in the journal ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10974).

The team, led by Dr. Ahmed Attallah of HZDR┬┤s Institute of Radiation Physics, delved into the unique properties of MOFs, which are highly porous solids made of metal clusters connected by organic chemicals, forming a network of cavities akin to the pores of a kitchen sponge. These nanoscale pores hold the key to a myriad of potential applications, including gas storage, separation technology, catalysis, and water harvesting.

Insights from Atomic-Scale Probing

To understand the water adsorption mechanism in MOFs, the researchers synthesized two MOFs based on zirconium and hafnium and used a variety of techniques to investigate their characteristics and behavior. Their findings, which were obtained through non-destructive techniques, shed light on the water adsorption process, revealing a stepwise filling mechanism involving the formation of liquid bridges in the pores. Additionally, they discovered that the adsorption was influenced by the formation of water clusters on the pore surface, creating small air gaps in the pores.

Applications for Water Harvesting

The study’s results provide new insights into the water adsorption mechanism in hierarchical MOFs, which could pave the way for the design of more efficient materials for water harvesting from air, particularly in arid regions. The researchers envision a future where MOFs can capture water molecules from the atmosphere, which can then be released and utilized by applying heat or reducing pressure. However, scaling up water harvesting with MOFs requires addressing challenges such as production costs and sustainability.

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