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Archaeological Discovery at Herlaugshagen, Leka

This summer, archaeologists and a metal detectorist conducted a small survey of Herlaugshagen, at Leka in the northern part of Tr├©ndelag County. They found something amazing. The goal was to date a burial mound and find out if it contained a ship. They carried out the surveys on behalf of the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage and in collaboration with Tr├©ndelag County Authority. The archaeologists were over the moon when they found large rivets confirming that this was indeed a ship burial, and their enthusiasm didnÔÇÖt subside when the finds were recently dated.

ÔÇ£The mound was constructed in approximately 700 CE. This is called the Merovingian period and precedes the Viking Age. This dating is really exciting because it pushes the whole tradition of ship burials quite far back in time,ÔÇØ said Geir Gr├©nnesby, an archaeologist at the NTNU University Museum. Gr├©nnesby was project manager for the dig. He says the date for the ship has many consequences. He mentioned “You donÔÇÖt build a ship of this size without having a reason for doing so. It tells us that people from this area were skilled seafarers ÔÇô they could build big ships ÔÇô much earlier than we previously thought.ÔÇØ

A New Perspective on the Viking Age

The development of shipbuilding has played a key role in the discussion about when and why the Viking Age started. We canÔÇÖt say that the Viking Age started earlier based on this dating, but Gr├©nnesby says that you don’t build a ship of this size without having a reason for doing so.

“The burial mound itself is also a symbol of power and wealth. A wealth that has not come from farming in Ytre Namdalen. I think people in this area have been engaged in trading goods, perhaps over great distances.ÔÇØ

A seated skeleton and sword in Herlaugshaugen burial mound

The Herlaugshaugen burial mound has a diameter of over 60 metres and is one of the largest burial mounds in Norway. The mound was excavated three times during the late 1700s, and according to the accounts that exist, some kind of wall, iron rivets, a bronze cauldron, animal bones and a seated skeleton with a sword were found. The skeleton was exhibited for a while at Trondheim Cathedral School as King Herlaug, but no one knows what happened to it. Unfortunately, these finds disappeared in the early 1920s. The skeleton was exhibited for a while at Trondheim Cathedral School as King Herlaug, but no one knows what happened to it,” Gr├©nnesby said. “All the other finds have also disappeared. It is said that the bronze cauldron was melted down and made into shoe buckles,ÔÇØ he said.

Connections to the power elite in Sweden and England

The Herlaugshaugen burial mound has been dated to the Merovingian Period (ca. 550 to 800 CE), which is just before the Viking Age. Generally speaking, not many archaeological finds are made from this period, but the first ship burials occurred during its early stages. Among these are the spectacular ship burials at Vendel and Valsgärde in Sweden, where people were buried lying on down pillows with ornate weapons and helmets. Could there have been a connection between the ruling class at Vendel and Valsgärde and the people who built the burial mound at Leka?

That is not an unreasonable assumption: Not far from Leka ÔÇô further into Namdalen valley ÔÇô there are even more large burial mounds, which archaeologists believe are from the Merovingian Period. ÔÇ£In fact, about 10 percent of all the large burial mounds in Norway are found in Namdalen. These are mounds of more than 37 metres in diameter, and it is almost inexplicable that an anonymous valley in Norway appears to be a key area for large-scale burial-mound building,ÔÇØ says Lars Forseth.

Gr├©nnesby adds that Vendel and Valsg├ñrde also have similarities with the fantastically rich ship burial in Sutton Hoo in England. The Sutton Hoo burial is also dated to the Merovingian Period, and is considered the oldest monumental ship burial. ÔÇ£Should the ship in Herlaugshaugen burial mound be seen in connection with the burial mounds in Namdalen, Vendel, Valsg├ñrde and Sutton Hoo, or is it a different phenomenon? This is a very exciting question, and something we want to explore further,ÔÇØ says Gr├©nnesby.

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