JAXA Launches XRISM and SLIM: Exploring the Universe and the Moon

JAXA, the Japanese space agency, is preparing to launch two significant missions from a single rocket. The missions include a state-of-the-art X-ray telescope called X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), and an experimental robotic moon lander called Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM).

When and How to Watch the Launch?

The launch is scheduled for Sunday at 8:26 p.m. Eastern time from Tanegashima Space Center in Japan. To witness this historic event, JAXA will be live-streaming the launch on their YouTube channel from 7:55 p.m. Eastern time.

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Introducing XRISM: Unlocking the Mysteries of the Universe

XRISM, comparable in size to a bus, is a collaborative effort between JAXA and NASA, with participation from the European Space Agency. Its mission is to study cosmic X-rays, which can only be observed from above Earth’s atmosphere, as it shields us from harmful radiation.

The telescope employs advanced spectroscopy techniques to measure changes in celestial object brightness across different wavelengths. By doing so, it unveils valuable insights into the motion and chemistry of extreme cosmic environments, such as black hole surroundings, galaxy cluster plasma, and remnants of massive star explosions.

XRISM’s key instrument, Resolve, collects spectroscopic data with unparalleled resolution. To achieve precise measurements, Resolve is cooled to just above absolute zero.

Additionally, XRISM features Xtend, a second instrument that captures X-ray images with a resolution similar to human vision. While Resolve focuses on zooming in, Xtend offers scientists a wider view of the same X-ray sources.

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Discovering SLIM: Targeted Lunar Navigation and Exploration

SLIM, a compact robotic moon lander, aims to demonstrate pinpoint navigation capabilities without the presence of astronauts. Comparable in size to a small food truck and weighing over 1,500 pounds at launch, SLIM focuses on refining landing technologies for future scientific missions.

During its trip to the moon, SLIM faces a time constraint due to the perfect Earth’s orientation. Only a few minutes each day allow the spacecraft to reach the desired lunar orbit. To account for any unforeseen delays, JAXA has a reserved launch period until Sept. 15.

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Journey and Destinations: Where are XRISM and SLIM Headed?

Once launched, XRISM will be placed in an orbit approximately 350 miles above Earth. Over the next few months, researchers will activate and test the instruments before commencing scientific operations in January. Preliminary results from the collected data are expected within a year.

For SLIM, the journey to the Shioli crater on the moon’s near side will be lengthy and indirect, taking at least four months to reach lunar orbit. After spending a month circling the moon, SLIM will attempt to land on the surface. This extended route allows for reduced propellant consumption.

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