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A New Immunotherapy Shows Promising Results in Treating Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Immunotherapies have emerged as a promising treatment option for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, many patients do not respond well to these therapies, and some may even develop resistance over time. To address this challenge, researchers at Yale Cancer Center, in collaboration with NextCure, conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of a new immunotherapy called NC318 in combination with pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA), a targeted immunotherapy.

The findings of the study, which will be presented at the IASLC 2023 World Conference on Lung Cancer in Singapore on September 12, demonstrate that NC318, both alone and in combination with pembrolizumab, significantly improved response rates and clinical outcomes for certain patients with NSCLC.

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Throughout the phase II trial, NC318 was administered either as a standalone treatment or in combination with pembrolizumab to patients with advanced NSCLC who had previously undergone checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Among the 11 patients who received NC318 alone, one patient experienced a partial response, two had stable disease, and eight had progressive disease.

Among the 18 patients who received the combination treatment of NC318 and pembrolizumab, three patients showed a partial response (one after initial pseudo-progression), six patients had stable disease, and nine patients experienced progression. Notably, two patients with stable disease maintained their stability at 21.6 and 7.6 months, respectively, indicating a durable response.

While some patients did experience treatment-related adverse events, the overall tolerability of NC318, both alone and in combination with pembrolizumab, was good and comparable to standard immunotherapy.

Senior author Roy S. Herbst, deputy director of Yale Cancer Center and assistant dean of translational research at Yale School of Medicine, emphasized the significance of the study’s findings, stating, “Our goal is to offer patients with non-small cell lung cancer more effective options, especially when other treatments may fall short. The fact that NC318, in combination with pembrolizumab, is well-tolerated in patients who had previously been treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors is encouraging. It provides another treatment for patients in need of therapeutic options for advanced lung cancer.”

Although the preliminary data is promising, further research is still ongoing to optimize treatment doses and schedules, as well as to identify predictive biomarkers. Scott Gettinger, chief of thoracic medical oncology at Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital, who served as the study’s first author, highlighted the importance of ongoing research in refining the treatment approach.

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The study also involved several other Yale researchers, including Sarah Goldberg, Anne Chiang, Frederick Wilson, So Yeon Kim, Elin Rowan, Heather Gerrish, Emily Duffield, Marianne Davies, Vanna Dest, Roliya Jackson, Jennifer Pope, Wei Cheng, David Rimm, and Lei Chen.

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