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## Non-Hispanic Black Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are Living Longer With New Therapies

Non-Hispanic Black patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are living longer, now that new therapies are available, according to a study presented by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Penn MedicineÔÇÖs Abramson Cancer Center at the 65th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition (Abstract 955).

In the past, the standard treatment for AML, a cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, was intensive chemotherapy. Unfortunately, many older patients were ineligible to receive this treatment because the side effects were too harsh, which translated to poor survival. In November 2018, venetoclax, a new targeted therapy drug thatÔÇÖs given in pill form in combination with other medicines, was approved for AML. This marked the beginning of a new ÔÇ£modern eraÔÇØ for AML treatment, where patients who would have been considered too old or too sick for chemotherapy now had access to a viable treatment option.

In this retrospective study, the researchers found that since venetoclax was approved, AML survival has improved, particularly among non-Hispanic Black patients. The predicted two-year overall survival rate (adjusted for age and comorbidities) for non-Hispanic Black patients with AML rose from 28.6 percent to 45.3 percent, mitigating the survival gap compared to non-Hispanic white patients. The study used a nationwide electronic health record-derived database to compare survival trends of nearly 3,000 adult patients diagnosed with AML between January 2014 and December 2018 to another set of approximately 2,000 patients diagnosed in the modern era of treatment, between January 2019 and October 2022, after venetoclax and other research advances made their way into the clinic.

ÔÇ£WeÔÇÖre encouraged to see outcomes improving, including the narrowing of health disparity gaps for the first time,ÔÇØ said first author Xin Wang, MD, a third-year fellow in Hematology-Oncology at Penn. ÔÇ£Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer care are complex, but our study shows that when novel therapies are brought into the ÔÇÿreal-worldÔÇÖ setting, including community hospitals, we can move the needle. On the clinical research side, we need to take advantage of these opportunities to better serve previously under-represented, under-studied populations.ÔÇØ

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