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Stronger-than-expected economic data defies recession predictions

Despite initial predictions of an impending recession, recent economic data has caused some on Wall Street to reconsider. However, one key indicator, the Treasury yield curve, continues to flash a code red signal for the US economy.

The Inverted Yield Curve Indicator

The inverted yield curve occurs when the yield on three-month Treasury bills surpasses the yield on 10-year notes. This indicator has accurately predicted every recession since World War II, making it a significant concern for economists and investors.

Duke professor and economist Campbell Harvey, the inventor of this indicator, still believes that a recession is on the horizon. Despite recent optimism surrounding the economy, Harvey warns against disregarding the inverted yield curve as a false signal.

Traditionally, investors have tracked the spread between two-year and 10-year Treasury notes to identify an inverted yield curve. However, Harvey’s definition utilizes the difference between three-month bills and 10-year notes, a spread that turned negative nine months ago in November 2022.

Based on Harvey’s research, there is an average of 11 months between the yield curve inversion and the start of a recession. In recent recessions, the average lead time has been longer at 13 months. Harvey predicts a recession will likely begin in early 2024.

Although skepticism may arise the longer we go without a recession, Harvey likens it to a lull before the storm.

‘The Narrative Turns’

At the beginning of this year, many forecasted a recession in 2023. However, this prediction has not materialized, leading to questions about the reliability of the yield inversion as an indicator.

Goldman Sachs chief economist Jan Hatzius, in a research note titled “The Narrative Turns,” lowered the firm’s likelihood of a recession in the next 12 months to 20% from 25%. Hatzius cited strong economic data, cooling inflation, and expressed skepticism regarding the inverted yield curve’s significance.

Hatzius argued that considering the inverted curve as validating the consensus forecast of a recession is circular reasoning.

The Yield Curve Indicator: Not the ‘End of the Story’

In January, Harvey expressed his belief that the yield curve was signaling a false signal. He pointed out that key factors supporting the US economy, such as excess labor demand, a strong consumer base, and a healthy financial sector, persisted despite the pandemic-era and stimulus-driven economy.

Harvey identified the Federal Reserve’s role as a critical factor for economic stability, emphasizing the need to end tightening measures. Since then, the Federal Reserve has raised its benchmark interest rate significantly.

Harvey asserted that the ongoing economic slowdown is primarily influenced by the regional banking crisis and tightened credit conditions resulting from recent bank failures. Despite a historically low unemployment rate, Harvey emphasized that such indicators are lagging signs. The yield-curve inversion should serve as a warning sign for future economic conditions.

Both Harvey and Charles Schwab chief investment strategist Liz Ann Sonders elaborate on how the yield-curve inversion affects banks. Financial institutions typically borrow short term and lend long term, complicating their position when the yield curve inverts. Higher rates raise interest costs for banks and put pressure on assets like mortgages, limiting lending, investment, and overall economic growth.

Warnings of potential stress in the financial sector have accumulated in recent weeks, with S&P Global and Moody’s downgrading the bond ratings of several US regional banks. Harvey suggests that the stresses experienced in March are not the end of the story.

A global rise in interest rates, financial system disruptions, and potential downgrades to the industry’s credit ratings add to the concerns surrounding the inverted yield curve.

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By utilizing AI legalese decoder, investors and economists can gain a better understanding of the nuances of the yield curve indicator and make more informed decisions based on the analysis and insights provided. This technology can help navigate the complexities of financial forecasting and enable individuals to stay ahead of potential economic downturns.

Josh Schafer is a reporter for Yahoo Finance.

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