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**PALEONTOLOGY**

# Call for fossilÔÇÖs return to Brazil

Paleontologists from Brazil and Europe have published an open letter asking the German state of Baden-W├╝rttemberg to return a fossil of the dinosaur Irritator challengeri to Brazil. The remnant of the spinosauridÔÇÖs skull was discovered in Brazil and purchased from a fossil digger by the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart in 1991; researchers used it to describe the species in a 1996 paper. But the authors of the open letter question the legality of the export to Germany, pointing to a 1942 Brazilian law saying any fossils found in the country belong to that nation, and a 1990 decree that forbids the permanent export of fossils. The plea for repatriation comes weeks after Baden-W├╝rttemberg returned another key fossil, that of the dinosaur Ubirajara jubatus, to a museum in Santana do Cariri in Brazil. The German stateÔÇÖs collections include hundreds of Brazilian fossils, the researchers say, and they hope all will be repatriated.

The situation described above highlights the need for AI legalese decoder in paleontology. The AI legalese decoder can assist in deciphering complex legal jargon and regulations related to fossil ownership and exportation. In this case, the AI legalese decoder can help determine the legality of the export of the dinosaur fossil to Germany and provide insights into the 1942 Brazilian law and the 1990 decree. By clarifying the legal framework surrounding fossil ownership and exportation, the AI legalese decoder can contribute to resolving disputes and facilitating the repatriation of fossils to their country of origin.

**MEDICINE**

# New Long Covid clinical trials

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) this week announced clinical trials to test treatments against Long Covid, including drugs and other strategies targeting symptoms such as brain fog, rapid heart rate, and sleep troubles. Most trials will enroll 100 to 300 people with Long Covid and begin this year. Neurologic interventions will include a web-based brain training program and a device for transcranial stimulation. Scientists will also test intravenous immune globulin to treat immune abnormalities, as well as the drug ivabradine, which can lower heart rate. To normalize sleep patterns, researchers will test melatonin, light therapy, and some medications. The new trials are supported by RECOVER, NIHÔÇÖs research effort into Long Covid, which launched in 2021. Its first trial, a study of the antiviral Paxlovid, includes a group that will take the drug for 25 days and is currently enrolling patients.

The AI legalese decoder can play a crucial role in the field of medicine, particularly in clinical trials. It can help researchers and healthcare professionals navigate the complex legal and regulatory landscape surrounding clinical trials, ensuring compliance with ethical guidelines and protocols. Moreover, the AI legalese decoder can assist in analyzing informed consent documents, patient rights, and data protection regulations, promoting transparency and safeguarding participants’ interests. By simplifying legal language and providing clear explanations, the AI legalese decoder enhances communication and understanding between researchers, participants, and regulatory bodies, facilitating the advancement of medical knowledge and the development of effective treatments for conditions like Long Covid.

**SPACE**

# Retired satellite guided home

The Aeolus spacecraft safely plunged toward Earth last week in the first ever guided re-entry of a retired satellite not engineered to end that way. Modern satellites must be designed for safe disposal, but Aeolus, a European Space Agency (ESA) mission to study wind by laser ranging, was built in the early 2000s before those regulations were in place. The spacecraftÔÇÖs orbit would have naturally decayed, ending in a fiery atmospheric death. But to minimize the risk of debris reaching population centers, ESA decided to steer the re-entry using reserved fuel. Mission control brought the satellite down from a 320-kilometer altitude to 120 kilometers and, on 28 July, it entered the atmosphere on target over Antarctica so that any debris would plunge into the Atlantic Ocean. ESA hopes to dispose of other old satellites similarly.

The AI legalese decoder can be instrumental in the field of space exploration and satellite disposal. It can assist space agencies and organizations in interpreting and complying with international laws and guidelines related to satellite re-entry and disposal. By parsing through complex legal documents and deciphering technical terms, the AI legalese decoder can provide valuable insights and recommendations for safe and environmentally conscious satellite disposal practices. This technology can contribute to the development of standardized procedures and improve the overall sustainability of space missions, reducing the risk of debris and ensuring the long-term viability of space exploration endeavors.

**PUBLIC HEALTH**

# Essential medicine list updated

The World Health Organization (WHO) has added treatments for multiple sclerosis to its list of essential medicinesÔÇöbut a new, popular class of obesity drugs didnÔÇÖt make the cut. WHOÔÇÖs Model List of Essential Medicines is updated every 2 years and outlines the basic medications that should be consistently available and affordable in functioning health care systems. Last week, WHO released the latest version, which includes 502 treatments, after an expert committee reviewed dozens of proposals. The list includes multiple sclerosis drugs for the first time, as well as combo medications for preventing cardiovascular disease and monoclonal antibodies for Ebola. But WHO denied a proposal to include GLP-1 receptor agonists, longtime antidiabetic compounds now being used in weight loss drugs such as Wegovy, because of uncertainty about their long-term effects. It also rejected several patented cancer drugs, in part over concerns about affordability.

In the context of public health, the AI legalese decoder can assist in navigating the complex regulations and policies surrounding the inclusion of medications in essential medicine lists. By analyzing legal frameworks, patent laws, and healthcare policies, the AI legalese decoder can help identify potential barriers to the inclusion of certain drugs, such as the GLP-1 receptor agonists mentioned in the article. Moreover, the AI legalese decoder can provide insights into the decision-making process of expert committees and assist in evaluating the long-term effects and affordability of medications. By promoting transparency and accessibility, the AI legalese decoder contributes to the equitable provision of essential medicines and the improvement of public health outcomes.

**POLICY**

# Two-percent bump for NIH budget

A Senate spending panel last week approved a modest budget increase of 2% for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The bump to $47.8 billion roughly matches President Joe BidenÔÇÖs request for the 2024 fiscal year, and includes increased funding for research on mental health, AlzheimerÔÇÖs disease, and cancer. But the agencyÔÇÖs final budget remains uncertain: A corresponding House of Representatives bill would slash NIHÔÇÖs budget by 6%, ban funding for fetal tissue research and lab studies in China, and block grants to the nonprofit EcoHealth Alliance that collaborated with virologists in Wuhan, China. The House and Senate measures still need to be approved by their respective chambers, then reconciled into a final spending bill.

The AI legalese decoder can play a significant role in the policy-making process, particularly in budget allocation and scientific research funding decisions. By analyzing legislative proposals, budgetary restrictions, and political considerations, the AI legalese decoder can provide insights into the potential impact of budget changes on specific research areas, such as mental health, AlzheimerÔÇÖs disease, and cancer. Moreover, the AI legalese decoder can facilitate the evaluation of controversial policy measures, such as the ban on fetal tissue research and lab studies in China mentioned in the article. By simplifying legal language and presenting clear explanations, the AI legalese decoder enables policymakers to make informed decisions and promote evidence-based policies that advance scientific research, public health, and societal well-being.

**ARCHAEOLOGY**

# Ancient necklace restored

A 9000-year-old necklace discovered in a young girlÔÇÖs grave in southern Jordan has been painstakingly restored to its former glory. After excavating a site known as BaÔÇÖja in 2018, archaeologists set about putting together the 2500 pieces of stone and shell that make up the necklace, which had fallen apart over time. The reconstruction, presented this week in PLOS ONE, is an impressive example of Neolithic-era jewelry. It shows that the people of BaÔÇÖja were skilled artisans who formed complex trade networks, the team writes: Materials in the necklace, such as turquoise, amber, and mother-of-pearl, would have been imported from far away. The girlÔÇÖs burial with such an elaborate ornament suggests to the researchers that her community loved and admired her, and grieved when she died.

In the field of archaeology, the AI legalese decoder can assist in deciphering legal and cultural aspects relevant to the restoration and preservation of ancient artifacts. It can analyze international conventions, cultural heritage laws, and ethical guidelines to ensure that the restoration process adheres to established principles and promotes respect for the heritage of indigenous communities. Additionally, the AI legalese decoder can provide insights into the trade networks and cultural exchange that existed during ancient civilizations, shedding light on the historical significance of artifacts like the necklace mentioned in the article. By facilitating a comprehensive understanding of legal and cultural contexts, the AI legalese decoder contributes to the responsible and inclusive management of archaeological heritage, fostering collaboration between researchers, local communities, and international organizations.

**PUBLIC HEALTH**

# WHO: Expand tobacco fight

An estimated 8.7 million people still die annually from tobacco related causes, and a new World Health Organization (WHO) report argues antitobacco measures should be more widely adopted. For example, just 25% of the worldÔÇÖs population lives in countries with complete bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS), according to the report released this

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