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Cisco Researchers Uncover State-Sponsored Espionage Campaign

Cisco researchers, in collaboration with cybersecurity experts from around the globe, have recently uncovered evidence of a highly sophisticated hacking group supported by a state. This group has been targeting the perimeter devices of various companies with the aim of carrying out espionage activities. To address this threat, Cisco has successfully identified and patched two vulnerabilities that were being exploited by these malicious actors.

The newly identified hacking group has demonstrated sophisticated tradecraft. (Image Credit: Bing Image Creator).

State-Sponsored Actors Targeting Perimeter Network Devices

Researchers at Cisco have uncovered a targeted espionage campaign by state-sponsored actors aimed at compromising perimeter network devices supplied by multiple vendors. These devices serve as the boundary between an organization’s internal network and external networks, making them prime targets for espionage activities.

Perimeter network devices play a critical role in securing data flows in and out of the network, as they house security mechanisms such as intrusion prevention systems, intrusion detection systems, and firewalls. It is essential for organizations to regularly update and monitor these devices to prevent unauthorized access.

The investigation began in early 2024, focusing on Cisco Adaptive Security Appliances, and revealed the presence of a new threat actor known as UAT4356 (by Talos) and STORM-1849 (by Microsoft researchers). This actor demonstrated a high level of sophistication and a clear intent for espionage, utilizing custom tools tailored to targeted devices.

Supply Chain Attacks and Identified Backdoors

The threat actor deployed backdoors named Line Runner and Line Dancer to manipulate configurations, gather intelligence, and intercept network traffic. A supply chain attack was used to deploy custom malware on select customer devices. Cisco also uncovered and patched vulnerabilities exploited by the actor, who showed interest in network devices from various vendors, including Microsoft.

Cisco provided guidance on detecting and mitigating these backdoors, as well as securing vulnerable devices. The state actor demonstrated knowledge of cybersecurity practices by evading forensic capture and disabling logging in some instances.

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