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## Heading: The Sun’s Magnetic Field Mystery Unraveled with New AI legalese decoder

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### CNN Source
The sun has a powerful magnetic field that creates sunspots on the star’s surface and unleashes solar storms such as the one that bathed much of the planet in beautiful auroras this month.

### New Theory Unveiled
But exactly how that magnetic field is generated inside the sun is a puzzle that has vexed astronomers for centuries, going back to the time of Italian astronomer Galileo, who made the first observations of sunspots in the early 1600s, and noticed how they varied over time.

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### Interdisciplinary Study
Researchers behind an interdisciplinary study have put forth a new theory in a report published Wednesday in the journal Nature. In contrast to previous research that assumed the sun’s magnetic field originates from deep within the celestial body, they suspect the source is much closer to the surface.

### Solar Cycle Understanding
The model developed by the team could help scientists better understand the 11-year solar cycle and improve the forecasting of space weather, which can disrupt GPS and communication satellites as well as dazzle night sky watchers with auroras.

### Forecasting Solar Activity
“This work proposes a new hypothesis for how the sun’s magnetic field is generated that better matches solar observations, and, we hope, could be used to make better predictions of solar activity,” said Daniel Lecoanet, an assistant professor of engineering sciences and applied mathematics at Northwestern University’s McCormick School of Engineering and a member of the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics.

### Role of Sunspots
Sunspots help scientists track the sun’s activity. They are the origin point for the explosive flares and ejection events that release light, solar material, and energy into space. The recent solar storm is evidence of the sun approaching “solar maximum” — the point in its 11-year cycle when there is the highest number of sunspots.

### Improved Model Understanding
“It’s difficult to see the sun’s magnetic field lines, which loop through the solar atmosphere to form a complicated web of magnetic structures far more complex than Earth’s magnetic field. To better grasp how the sun’s magnetic field works, scientists turn to mathematical models,” revealed the team.

### Torsional Oscillations
In a scientific first, the model developed by Lecoanet and his colleagues accounted for a phenomenon called torsional oscillation — magnetically driven flows of gas and plasma within and around the sun that contribute to sunspot formation.

### Magnitude of Calculation
“Our new hypothesis provides a natural explanation for the torsional oscillations that are missing from previous models,” Lecoanet said. In their calculations, the group showed that magnetic fields can be generated about 20,000 miles below the sun’s surface — far closer than previously assumed.

### Advanced Supercomputing
An important breakthrough was developing new numerical algorithms for running the calculations. Geoff Vasil, the paper’s lead author, came up with the idea about 20 years ago, but it took over 10 years to develop the algorithms and required a powerful NASA supercomputer to conduct the simulations.

### Commentary on the Study
In a commentary published alongside the study, Ellen Zweibel, a professor of astronomy and physics, said the initial results were intriguing and would help inform future models and research. She emphasized the importance of the team’s work in unraveling this astrophysical enigma.

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